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Rice Holds Talks in Georgia Over Crisis

new_york_times:http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/16/world/europe/16georgia.html

By ELLEN BARRY
Published: August 15, 2008
MOSCOW — Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice arrived in the Georgian capital Tbilisi on Friday to show support for Georgia’s shaken president, Mikheil Saakashvili, and discuss the conflict with Russia.
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Elsewhere in Georgia, the strategic city of Gori remained fully occupied by Russian forces. A top Russian defense official said that Georgians had exaggerated the damage their country sustained during the war that flared up a week ago, and denied that the Russian side used cluster bombs against Georgians.
A human rights group, Human Rights Watch, said on Friday that Russian aircraft had dropped cluster bombs in two separate raids on the towns of Ruisi and Gori on Tuesday, killing at least 11 civilians, Reuters reported.
As diplomatic initiatives continued to try to ease the crisis, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany traveled to Russia to meet with Russian President Dmitri A. Medvedev. They were to meet in Sochi, a resort town near the Black Sea only miles from Georgia.
There were no reports of hostilities in the eastern part of Georgia, but Georgian troops in the western city of Kutaisi, some 50 miles from the Black Sea coast, said they were bracing against the arrival of Russians there.
The senior Russian official, Col. Gen. Anatoly Nogovitsyn, said relations with the United States had been exacerbated by plans to deploy a missile shield in Poland. On Wednesday, the United States and Poland reached a long-stalled deal to place an American missile defense base on Polish territory, in the strongest reaction so far to Russia’s military operation in Georgia.
General Nogovitsyn added that Russian leaders were unsure whether the United States was sending military aid into Georgia as part of the humanitarian airlift that began arriving this week.
“We would like to know whether it is humanitarian or military. But we have no information,” he said.
General Nogovitsyn also said 120 Russian journalists and diplomats visited Gori and found that “no destruction the Georgian side had been depicting so colorfully, could be seen,” Interfax reported.
On Thursday, senior Bush administration officials said that Russia’s military offensive into Georgia had jolted the United States’ relationship with Moscow, forcing a wholesale reassessment of American dealings with Russia and jeopardizing talks on everything from halting Iran’s nuclear ambitions to reducing strategic arsenals to cooperation on missiles defenses.
The conflict punctuated a stark turnabout in the administration’s view of Vladimir V. Putin, the president turned prime minister whom President Bush has repeatedly described as a trustworthy friend. Now Mr. Bush’s aides complain that Russian officials have been misleading or at least evasive about Russia’s intentions in Georgia.
Even as the conflict between Russia and Georgia appeared to ease on Thursday, Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates said the Russian attack had forced a fundamental rethinking of the administration’s effort to forge “an ongoing and long-term strategic dialogue with Russia.”
“Russia’s behavior over the past week has called into question the entire premise of that dialogue and has profound implications for our security relationship going forward, both bilaterally and with NATO,” Mr. Gates said at the Pentagon. “If Russia does not step back from its aggressive posture and actions in Georgia, the U.S.-Russian relationship could be adversely affected for years to come.”
The unspoken new danger is that a cooling relationship could cost the administration any hope of working closely with Russia on some of its topmost priorities, like controlling nuclear proliferation, countering terrorism or resolving the problems of the Middle East.
If Russia and the United States rarely have acted as allies during Mr. Bush’s presidency, they also have rarely allowed disagreements to undermine what Mr. Bush considered one of his bedrock diplomatic relationships. After their first meeting in 2001, Mr. Bush said famously that he had looked into the eyes of Mr. Putin and “got a sense of his soul.”
Mr. Bush has pursued policies that Mr. Putin vigorously opposed, including supporting the independence of Kosovo from Serbia, a Russian ally, expanding NATO to include some former Soviet bloc nations and stationing elements of a missile defense system in Eastern Europe.
But the two worked closely together to battle terrorism. Administration officials said Mr. Putin generally cooperated in efforts to curtail nuclear programs in Iran and North Korea.
Only four months ago, Mr. Bush and Mr. Putin met in Sochi and signed a “framework agreement” that pledged cooperation on a variety of diplomatic and security matters and declared that “the era in which the United States and Russia considered one another an enemy or strategic threat has ended.” Mr. Gates, along with Ms. Rice, traveled twice to Moscow in the past year for discussions on that agreement, which has now been overshadowed by the war and appears unlikely to progress any time soon, if ever.
Mr. Bush has not directly addressed his relationship with Mr. Putin or his successor, Mr.. Medvedev, and his aides declined on Thursday to discuss his personal views. But he has bluntly warned Russia that it risked losing its international standing.
After postponing a trip to his ranch in Texas by a day, Mr. Bush went to the headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency in Langley, Va., for a briefing on the situation in Georgia.
“Got a lot of folks, smart folks, analyzing the situation on the ground and, of course, briefing us on different possibilities that could develop in the area and the region,” he said, flanked by the agency’s director, Michael V. Hayden, and his deputy, Stephen R. Kappes.
He reiterated his call “for the territorial integrity of Georgia to be respected and the cease-fire agreement to be honored.”
Both Georgia and Russia took steps back from open conflict on Thursday, with Russia largely ending air operations over Georgia and preparing to withdraw at least some of the troops its had moved inside the country, Mr. Gates said.
But the issue of Georgia’s territorial integrity appeared increasingly uncertain after Mr. Medvedev met with the leaders of two separatist regions, South Ossetia and Abkhazia. His foreign minister, Sergey V. Lavrov, declared that Georgia “can forget about” reclaiming sovereignty over the regions.
Mr. Bush rescheduled his departure for Texas for Friday. Ms. Rice, he said, would brief him after returning from her trip to France and Georgia intended to show American support for Mr. Saakashvili.
For a second day, an American C-17 cargo plane arrived in Georgia bearing relief supplies, encountering no interference from Russian forces. Mr. Bush ordered the military-run operation on Wednesday, setting up what administration officials described as a direct challenge to Russia to keep its promise to allow humanitarian aid. A small team of Pentagon officials arrived to assess how best to funnel relief supplies to those wounded or displaced by the conflict.
Mr. Gates and Gen. James E. Cartwright, vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said at a Pentagon briefing that American forces had the right to self-defense but that said he did not anticipate that they would have to resort to force to distribute the medicine and shelters.
Mr. Gates stressed that he was not predicting a return to the cold war, and he said that over all the United States response to the crisis had been restrained.
“The United States spent 45 years working very hard to avoid a military confrontation with Russia,” Mr. Gates said. “I see no reason to change that approach today.”
Mr. Gates is one of the administration’s experts on Soviet and Russian policies and previously served as the director of central intelligence while spending his career studying the Kremlin and its efforts to exert influence around the world.
“What happens in the days and months to come will determine the future course of U.S.-Russian relations,” he said. “But by the same token, my personal view is that there needs to be some consequences for the actions that Russia has taken against a sovereign state.”
The United States has already canceled outright or withdrawn from several military exercises that were to have included Russian forces in the coming days, the first concrete, punitive steps taken by the administration. In addition, Mr. Gates said, the Defense Department “will re-examine the entire gamut of our military-to-military activities with Russia and will make changes as necessary and appropriate, depending on Russian actions in the days ahead.”
The Russian government unleashed its military into Georgia to accomplish two goals, Mr. Gates said: to punish Georgia for trying to integrate with the West and to warn other nations in the former Soviet sphere of influence against closer ties with Washington and its NATO allies.
“My view is that the Russians — and I would say principally Prime Minister Putin — is interested in reasserting Russia’s, not only Russia’s great power or superpower status, but in reasserting Russia’s traditional spheres of influence,” he said. “My guess is that everyone is going to be looking at Russia through a different set of lenses as we look ahead.”
Mr. Gates’s remarks, while critical of Mr. Putin, also included an implicit rebuke of any effort to base American policy solely on a perceived friendship within the Kremlin. At the Pentagon, Mr. Gates was asked whether he trusted Mr. Putin anymore, and he paused before responding.
“‘Anymore’ is an interesting add,” he said. “I have never believed that one should make national security policy on the basis of trust. I think you make national security policy based on interests and on realities.”
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